This is an acid-base reaction (neutralization): H2SO4 is an acid, MgCO3 is a base.
Reactants:
H2SO4 – Sulfuric acid
Other names: Oil of vitriol, Sulfuric acid, concentrated (> 51% and < 100%), H2SO4Sulphuric acid, Battery acid, Hydrogen sulfate, [SO2(OH)2], [S(OH)2O2], Sulfuric acid (aqueous)
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid ; Odourless colourless oily hygroscopic liquid ; Colorless to dark-brown, oily, odorless liquid. [Note: Pure compound is a solid below 51°F. Often used in an aqueous solution.]
MgCO3
Names: Magnesium carbonate, Magnesite, Barringtonite (dihydrate)Nesequehonite (trihydrate), Lansfordite (pentahydrate), Magnesiumkarbonat, MgCO3, Magnesium carbonate anhydrous, Carbonic acid, magnesium salt, Carbonate magnesium, Hydromagnesite, Magnesium(II) carbonate, [Note: Magnesite is a naturally-occurring form of magnesium carbonate.]
Appearance: White solid | hygroscopic ; White powder ; White, odorless, crystalline powder.
Products:
H2O – Water, oxidane
Other names: Water (H2O), Hydrogen hydroxide (HH or HOH), Hydrogen oxideDihydrogen monoxide (DHMO) (systematic name), Hydrogen monoxide, Dihydrogen oxide, Hydric acid, Hydrohydroxic acid, Hydroxic acid, Hydrol, Μ-oxido dihydrogen, Κ1-hydroxyl hydrogen(0)
Appearance: White crystalline solid, almost colorless liquid with a hint of blue, colorless gas
CO2
Names: Carbon dioxide, {{plainlist|, CO2Carbonic acid gas, Dry ice, [CO2], Carbonic anhydride, R-744, E-290, E 290, E290, Carbonic acid anhydride, Carbon-12 dioxide, Methanedione, Carbon oxide, CO₂, [Note: Normal constituent of air (about 300 ppm)].
Appearance: Colorless gas ; Odourless colourless compressed liquefied gas ; Colorless, odorless gas. [Note: Shipped as a liquefied compressed gas. Solid form is utilized as dry ice.]
MgSO4 – Magnesium sulfate
Other names: Epsom salt (heptahydrate), English salt, Bitter saltsBath salts, MgSO4, Magnesium sulphate, Magnesium sulfate anhydrous, Epsom salt, Heptahydrate, Magnesium(II) sulfate, Magnesium sulfate (1:1), Magnesiumsulfat
Appearance: White crystalline solid ; Hygroscopic odourless white crystals or powder